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The Centers
for Disease Control (CDC) Report on Fatal Dog Attacks...
Overwhelmingly this report is used by the
media, council members and legislators in an attempt to prove a
case for passing breed specific legislation. So I feel in
necessary to set the record straight on this report for all to
see.
Here are some
quotes from the CDC and Doctors involved in the studies
explaining how the report is INACCURATE:
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Procedure: We collected data from The Humane
Society of the United States (HSUS) and
media accounts related to dog bite attacks
and fatalities, using methods from
previous studies (CDC Special Report on
breeds involved in fatal human attacks in
the United States between 1979 and 1998,
September 2000).
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Ideally,
breed-specific bite rates would be
calculated to compare breeds and quantify
the relative dangerousness of each breed.
For example, 10 fatal attacks by Breed X
relative to a population of 10,000 X’s
(1/1,000) implies a greater risk than 100
attacks by Breed Y relative to a population of 1,000,000 Y’s
(0.1/1,000). Without consideration of the
population sizes, Breed Y would be perceived
to be the more dangerous breed on the basis
of the number of fatalities. (CDC
Special Report on breeds involved in fatal
human attacks in the United States between
1979 and 1998, September 2000).
NOTE: The CDC study does NOT use
population as a factor.
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Considering only bites that resulted in
fatalities, because they are more easily
ascertained than nonfatal bites, the
numerator of a dog breed-specific human DBRF
rate requires a complete accounting of human
DBRF as well as an accurate determination of
the breeds involved. Numerator data may be
biased for 4 reasons. First, the human DBRF
reported here are likely underestimated;
prior work suggests the approach we used
identifies only 74% of actual cases.1,2
Second, to the extent that attacks by 1
breed are more newsworthy
than those by other breeds, our methods may
have resulted in differential ascertainment
of fatalities by breed. Third, because
identification of a dog’s breed may be
subjective (even experts may disagree on the
breed of a particular dog), DBRF may be
differentially ascribed to breeds with a
reputation for aggression. Fourth, it
is not clear how to count attacks by
crossbred dogs. Ignoring these data
underestimates breed involvement (29% of
attacking dogs were crossbred dogs), whereas
including them permits a single dog to be
counted more than once.
(CDC
Special Report on breeds involved in fatal
human attacks in the United States between
1979 and 1998, September 2000)
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Finally, it is imperative to keep in mind
that even if breed-specific bite rates could
be accurately calculated, they do not factor
in owner related issues. For example, less
responsible owners or owners who want to
foster aggression in their dogs may be drawn
differentially to certain breeds. (CDC
Special Report on breeds involved in fatal
human attacks in the United States between
1979 and 1998, September 2000)
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(after 1998, the CDC stopped tracking which
breeds of dogs are involved in fatal
attacks; according to a CDC spokesperson,
that information is no longer considered to
be of discernable value) (Pit Bulls in
the City, Indy Tails July 2005)
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"There are enormous difficulties in
collecting dog bite data," Dr. Gilchrist
said. She explained that no
centralized reporting system for dog bites
exists, and incidents are typically relayed
to a number of entities, such as the police,
veterinarians, animal control, and emergency
rooms, making meaningful analysis nearly
impossible. (CDC releases
epidemiologic survey of dog bites in 2001,
September 2003)
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When multiple dogs of the same breed were
involved in the same fatal episode, that
breed was counted only once (eg, if 10
Akitas attacked and killed a person, that
breed was counted once rather than 10
times). When crossbred dogs were involved in
a fatality, each suspected breed in the
dog’s lineage was counted once for that
episode. Second, we tallied data by dog.
When multiple dogs of the same breed were
involved in a single incident, each
dog was counted individually. We allocated
crossbred dogs into separate breeds and
counted them similarly (eg, if 3 Great Dane-Rottweiler
crossbreeds attacked a person, Great Dane
was counted 3 times under crossbred, and
Rottweiler was counted 3 times under
crossbred). Data are presented separately
for dogs identified as pure- and crossbred.
(CDC
Special Report on breeds involved in fatal
human attacks in the United States between
1979 and 1998, September 2000)
Here are some quotes from the CDC and Doctors
involved in the studies concerning Breed
Specific Legislation:
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When a specific breed of dog has been
selected for stringent control, 2
constitutional questions concerning dog
owners’ fourteenth amendment rights have
been raised: first, because all types of
dogs may inflict injury to people and
property, ordinances addressing only 1 breed
of dog are argued to be underinclusive and,
therefore, violate owners’ equal protection
rights; and second, because identification
of a dog’s breed with the certainty
necessary to impose sanctions on the dog’s
owner is prohibitively difficult, such
ordinances have been argued as
unconstitutionally vague, and, therefore,
violate due process.
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Another concern is that a ban on a specific
breed might cause people who want a
dangerous dog to simply turn to another
breed for the same qualities they sought in
the original dog (eg, large size, aggression
easily fostered). Breed-specific legislation
does not
address the fact that a dog of any breed can
become
dangerous when bred or trained to be
aggressive.
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Other risk factors included dogs who roamed
the neighborhood or dogs who were tethered.
In other words, it appeared that the
negligence of human guardians was a higher
risk factor than the breed of the dog.
learned breed-specific legislation is not
the way to tackle the issue of dog bites,”
said Dr. Julie Gilchrist of the CDC Injury
Center in Atlanta, Georgia. “Instead, we
should look at the people with those dogs
responsible for the bites.” (Pit Bulls
in the City, Indy Tails July 2005)
A
couple of my personal comments on the CDC report
and others like it on why they are fictional at
best!
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On the CDC report they have broken it down
into a couple of sections, Purebred and
Crossbred. Under Purebred they
list "Pit bull-type" dog, this is NOT
a Purebred dog? They use that very same
header under Crossbred which invalidates
this report.
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Using a term like "pit bull-type"
would indicate that any number of breeds (as
there are 20+ that are mistaken as pit
bulls) and mixed breeds could have been
grouped under these counts.
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As for Crossbred or mixed breed dogs it is
my opinion that they need to all be grouped
under "mixed breed". When it comes to
mixed breed dogs, it's virtually impossible
to determine the breeds. If in
fact you do know specificly what breeds the
dog is (which is rare) how would one know
which "breed" did the biting?
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In
the first bullet point they admit to using,
"media accounts". That alone tells us
this report is nothing more than a waste of
paper. The media is certainly NOT a
place to gather information for a
statistical study. There are many
incidents that are reported as X then turn
out to be Y. Many cases of mistaken
breed identity or out right lies. Here
are a few:
http://www.understand-a-bull.com/BSL/MistakenIdentity/WrongId.htm
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Furthmore, this report was a
collaboration of the CDC and the AVMA both
of which are against breed specific
legislation!
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